Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow you to simplify human life.First of all, it is necessary to observe a specific diet.
If you comply with the proper diet, then diabetes will not affect the general well -being, and in addition, it is possible that various types of complications are reduced, including heart attacks, stroke, etc.
Type of diet
The diet in diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category.Therefore, there are general principles for building proper nutrition, which is coordinated based on the individual guidance of the human body.
Because it is impossible to cure the disease, to reduce the dangers of it, certain menus are prescribed.Proper consumption of food at a clear time is required to:
- reduce the risk of chronic and acute complications;
- maintaining good health and relatively strong immunity;
- prevent a set of overweight or get rid of it;
- Maintaining blood sugar within the allowable limit.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin -dependent.Its development is associated with lesions and cell death in the pancreas and is responsible for the production of insulin.
Thus, the food is intended to maintain the insulin therapy process and is quite an additional method of control over the disease.The principle is the same as those who are healthy in achieving good numbers and well -being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Because the treatment of 1 type of diabetes consists of taking insulin, you need to monitor the percentage in your daily diet given to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should not exceed 60%.
Due to type 2 diabetes, it also depends on insulin, growing on obese people, thus, the diet is in the first place.In the early stages of the disease or simple, the meaning lies in a rational way of overweight.
When this type of diabetes reaches a medium or even worse, in addition to the diet, taking medications aimed at reducing blood sugar, or insulin levels.Keep in mind that in such cases, special attention should be paid to physical work.Thanks to them, problems such as obesity can be resolved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are Tables 8 and 9 installed.The eighth nutrition schedule can be used for those with weight gain or have a tendency to complete.Ninth is taken as a basis when determining a diet for diabetics.
Diet No.9 for diabetes
Diet No.9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).It is also intended to prevent violations related to fat metabolism.Calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
The same diet is characterized as follows:
- Calorie content should be reduced by using animal fat and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (except sugar -gula and sugar);
- partial restrictions or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- More use more vitamins and fiber;
- The protein content should be in the norm.
The basis of all useful diets, including the ninth, is the right food.Usually need to eat in small portions.Overall, frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or boiled dishes should be eaten as little as possible or forget it completely.In the first place it needs to be burned and boiled.It's best to develop a week's menu, as it's easier to monitor.Special priorities should be given to the following products:
- Low meat;
- Low fish;
- Vegetables containing no more than 5% carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
For seasoning and eggs, its use should be limited.This is especially true for egg yolk.The number of protein daily should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sugars from menu for diabetes, also prohibits pasta, butter and layered batter, oranges.
It is impossible to take bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same goes for fats like pigs, rams and beef.To get the fat you need, you should use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet No.9 acts as a basis used when prescribing the necessary nutrition.Depending on the personal guidance of a person suffering from diabetes, it is adjusted.There are many types of diets that can be combined and find the right choice for yourself.
What is a bread unit?
Because the meaning of proper nutrition for diabetics is to take carbohydrates in certain quantities, you need to know how the valued norm is determined, where it depends on how much and the product you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, calorie content, and more.Normal measurement methods are not subject to these features.In addition, nutrition for diabetes requires an increase in control over its own daily norms.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or the product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists introduce the term "bread unit".This concept is used in cases where insulin is prescribed diabetes.
With the measured unit, it is easier for someone to understand what they can eat and drink, and what is impossible.It forms a healthy menu based on personal guidelines, and can also transform some products to others containing carbohydrates.
As a rule, in a day one must take from 18 to 25 units.As it needs to be five times, it is logically rational to distribute this amount all the time.The main "dose" should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units used, you can draw menu by day.
How many calories to eat a day?
Diet for diabetes requires to leave many products and dishes that can previously entered a day -to -day diet.However, do not confuse foods that allow to normalize sugar levels with what is needed to lose extra kilos.
The power supply for type 1 diabetes is intended to properly calculate how much insulin is needed.The calorie content in this case does not play an important role.It must be monitored so as not to gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes is true -actually requires an increase in control over the calories used, as it often develops accurately against the background of obesity.However, it is also not worth bringing them to the calculation of fanatics either.
The number of calories daily is calculated depending on the individual indicator of the body.The diet itself should be low, but it does not imply the absence of carbohydrates.It needs to be eaten, but it's important not to eat too much.
When the question arises, what can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you need to sit in almost just crackers and water.This is impossible.Food should be full, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are a variety of delicious, satisfactory recipes and at the same time useful dishes that will not be allowed to be better, but at the same time one will be full of strength and energy.What specific products need to be consumed and what amounts to calories are allowed on a daily basis, prescribed with their doctor.
A useful and dangerous product
Low -carb diet is different.For healthy people, they are less strict than diabetics.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products divided into healthy and dangerous for diabetics.
Useful
- All types of vegetables;
- Vegetables -sayuran (spinach, sorrel, dill);
- mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low -fat);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Hazardous
Increase the sugar in moderation:
- potatoes;
- cereals;
- pasta, including from solid varieties;
- SOUR PRODUCT -milk products.
Very raising sugar:
- sugar -gula;
- Honey;
- drinks with sugar;
- alcohol;
- wine and its derivatives;
- Sharp and salty flavors.
The division of such products is generally accepted and is often taken as the basis for developing a menu for diabetes.But what is useful for one may be dangerous to another.Because everything is relative, individual diets are arranged for each diabetes.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a low diet.But the fact is that it doesn't work.Many studies have shown that with the decline of their diet calories, except for continuous hunger to faint, anxiety and more, nothing else happens.
With such a diet, it is possible to lose weight literally a few pounds, but if at the same time the body is distinguished by good elasticity and muscle, then this will all leave it in the first place.Subcutaneous fat will not go anywhere, and sometimes it will accumulate more.
Protein diets involve the use of active protein and decreased in parallel in the amount of fat and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Again, it is impossible to overdo it with protein, and it is completely prohibited from the fat from the diet.The absence of carbohydrates will cause loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything went down to a low diet.By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, he was not a savior, but from all he presented was the best.The merit is that all the elements needed to keep important activities fall into the body.
Therefore, when there is a natural amount of fat, protein and natural carbohydrates, there is no need to make a deposit.Metabolism begins to function as a clock, no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease disappear, and one becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low diet is required.But in this case, it should be tight.The table number here does not play a special role, despite diet No.9 is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that although insulin action is very different, it is difficult to normalize the indicator.That's why it is necessary to adhere to certain nutrition.Little carbohydrates enter the body, less insulin requirements.
It should be noted that the diet itself is related to the personal dose of insulin.Therefore, when developing your menu, you need to take into account the amount of medication.It is best to draw it during the day to make it easier.
Diabetes Diabetes Type 2
Because type 2 diabetes is less complicated than type 1, diet is needed to lose excess weight and prevent it in the future.Again, low carbohydrate diets are also recommended.Of course, this is a coordinated budget diet.It means to normalize glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as control the resistance of insulin.
Some practices take various tablets for weight loss and treatment with folk medicine.The first one should be forgotten in general, as it is best not to use these drugs.
People's recovery, as a rule, consists of any infusion and herbal decoctions.If you really understand the healing plant, then it is possible to do something from this, but this is not worth doing this.
Kidney failure
Against the background of the disease, kidney failure may develop.It should be noted that it is not caused by food protein, as it is said to be mistaken, but by increased blood sugar.
The active development of such diseases is suspended when glucose levels are normalized.This diet helps this.The squirrel from the diet is not excluded, but with the carbohydrates you have to work.Proper nutrition, available to ordinary people, may also lead to the fact that the kidneys will fully recover.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, then it will not return to the healthy kidneys.In addition, in this case, a low diet -Carbohydrate can speed up the destructive process.In order not to lead to this, you need to monitor your condition, and the schedule made for yourself will help control the power in which the dish and the dosage of insulin are painted, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can grow at any age.In children, it can arise in the background of the fact that there is excessive eating with flour products, sugar -gula, and more.After finding the problem in time and starting to solve it properly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for a variety of reasons.Persistent stress, a lot of nutrition (especially harmful products), as well as inactivity can lead to overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
There are often conditions when the disease arises during pregnancy.This is due to the violation of the hormone background.In addition, a woman during this period can actively take products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less strict diet acts for pregnant women, which aims to normalize the body process and partially lose weight, but without harming the fetus.
With diabetes or gestational diabetes in the background of pregnancy, strict nutrition can only be determined by experts.The diet should be coordinated taking into account the fact that there is a fetal development.Without any products, you can harm the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops slightly less than women.This is due to the fact that they have a relatively accelerated metabolism.But harmful foods, addiction to alcohol and insignificant physical activity, can easily lead to such problems.